A decade has past since my original post-#metoo era article on when rapists don't believe they are rapists. In 2026, just in time for sexual assault awareness month we are once again confronted with headlines that force us to face the same uncomfortable truth.

From the ongoing Epstein sex trafficking investigation (or lacktherof), to the recent sexual assault allegations about Representative Eric Swalwell, Russell Brand's rape trial, and Katy Perry being met with a flurry of Sexual assault allegations after Ruby Rose began speaking out about an encounter decades earlier. All of course, denying the allegations. The major headline this month being the bombshell CNN news investigative report that revealed that 62 million visitors in a single month viewed a website dubbed a "rape academy" where men exchanged tips on how to drug and rape their wives, and even exchanged video content of their crimes. The scale is staggering. People have been rightly horrified at the implications and scale. Women are being forced to question whether they really know and trust their partners.

Alongside this, a recently published 2026 study by O'Sullivan and Ronis titled "Isolate, inebriate, intimidate, Repeat: High Rates of Sexual Force Against Women are Reported when Young Men Given Anonymous Surveys." The study of 2,689 US and Canadian men aged 18-34 reported recently using at least one strategy to "force a woman to have sex" i.e. rape them. They reported an average of about 9 strategies being used, mostly being versal coercion or using their peers to manipulate the women. In 8% of the cases, the men explicitly reported drugging women for sex  (i.e. drug-facilitated sexual assault) on one or multiple occasions.

People have been rightly outraged and ask: How is this possible?

Many women indicate they are not shocked.
As a sexual trauma therapist, the answer is not abstract. These stories echo of painfully familiar stories I have heard from clients before. And they Point to a deeply unsettling reality:
Many Perpetrators do not believe they are perpetrators.

Once again, the talk about why women choose the bear re-enters that chat. 

The Problem isn't just Violence-It's Perception
When I was working on my thesis almost 2 decades ago comparing the sequelae of adult vs child onset of child sexual abuse I came across similar findings about sexual coercion. Our original survey packet administered to study participants included several different measures on sexual abuse, and one survey that assessed sexual coercion. Ultimately, we excluded the data from that survey after finding that 100% of the both male and female participants in the study reported experiencing sexual coercion. At the time, we suspected the instrument lack validity, seemingly not being sensitive enough to measure what we were intending it to measure.

Now, I believe the opposite was true: Our systems were not prepared to face how widespread the problem actually is.

Sexual coercion exists in direct opposition to enthusiastic consent, and it has criminal consequences. But when it is normalized, minimized, joked about, or reframed, it stops being recognized for what it is. 

The Mental Gymnastics of "Good People"
With these new headlines, people are enraged at the numbers. How could this many men be visiting these sites? How could husbands do this to their wives? How could so many people willingly talk about sexually assaulting their partner? The truth is, many men do not know they are rapists. They see themselves as a good person, and good people do not rape, therefore what they are doing cannot be rape. That is when the mental gymnastics start.

Pioneering research by Mary Koss demonstrating the mental gymnastic people do, finding that when you ask people about their abuser/abuser experiences without labeling them "Rape" or  "abuse", and just using the definitions that make them abuse, people are much more likely to endorse engaging in or having experienced those abuses....

So, now I am going to provide an update to my original article and once again address this theme- what if my rapist does not know he is a rapist.

"It has been almost a month since #MeToo flooded social media. Since then, almost a daily parade of new sexual harassment, abuse, or assault allegations are being brought to light about accused perpetrators like Harvey Weinstein, James Toback, Charlie Sheen, Louis C.K., Ed Westwick, Roy Moore, and Kevin Spacey. The responses by the accused have varied from silence, to deflection, to admission, to outright denial.

What Survivors Experience
Some statements have puzzled people, wondering how could they not know what they were doing was wrong or would upset someone else? Sadly, this relates to a concept frequently found in my therapy practice, in which many victims are astounded when they realize that their rapist doesn't know he is a rapist. After the assault the perpetrator may act casual, inviting them for breakfast, acting affectionate, kiss them, or invite them on another date. They behave as though what had occurred was completely consensual despite the fact that moments or hours before they were holding the victim down, whispering threats in the victim's ear, ignoring the victim's cries of pain or profound lack of interest or engagement, or ignored the fact the victim was intoxicated, passed out, or vomiting and while they pursued sex. The husband that secretly drugs and rapes his wife for years may tell himself that this is his right as a husband. The abusive family member may appear at holiday events and initiate hugs and pretend like nothing ever happened. They may be the charismatic, smiling life of the party. Even worse, family members often rally to protect the accused perpetrator. 
 
Sometimes the victim will run into the perpetrator months or years later and be astounded at how "normal" they act. They may approach them like friendly, long lost friends seeking to engage in polite conversation. They may reach out to the victim over social media with casual "hellos" and "how have you beens?" The victims may react in paralysis, fear, or rage and are additionally astounded when they see the look of confusion reflected in their perpetrator's face.

The victim/survivor comes into my office begging the question: Is it possible that my rapist does not know he raped me? Sadly, in some instances, the answer may be yes. For those that lack empathy, awareness of others boundaries or feelings may not exist. The default is: if this benefits me, my actions are ok. Lack of empathy can be the bi-product of someone in a status of power or privilege, "Just boys being boys," "locker room talk," or "old school." For other sexual violence perpetrators, they may have a sense, if not clearly know what they did was wrong, but use elements of denial, minimization, deflecting blame, or manipulation to escape any form of personal accountability to seep into their conscious awareness.

Power, Privilege and Normalization
Is it possible that some of these celebrities really did not know that what they were doing was wrong? Well, since they kept the secret and did not exhibit those behaviors in public, then probably on some level they did know. I would argue that they probably were in a position that did not serve them well to think it was wrong.  "He/she really wants this," "They deserve this," "I deserve this," "They like how it feels," "Everybody does it" are all arguments used to justify sexual violence.

Think of it this way: if you were about to step on an ant and crush it, you would probably tell yourself that have good reason to do so, that it won't matter, that they cannot feel anything, that you are really being helpful...but you can do this because essentially you see the ant as significantly less powerful and less important than yourself. By contrast, if you think about killing a shark you may still justify the kill, but you will still probably worry about the consequences to yourself because the shark is inherently more powerful.

Power, control, status, privilege, and lack of empathy play important roles in supporting rape culture. When we are so inundated in rape culture, like a lobster in pot slowly brought to a boil, we may not even realize we are in danger of becoming the next meal because the environment around us was already so unhealthy in the first place."

So what can we do about it?
I challenge men to embody the coveted protector role and to challenge other men. It is your job to start calling out the bad behavior of your peers instead of silently standing by or bearing witness in what translates into tacit complicity. Report website like the rape academy. Stand up to your friend that it trying to hit on the drunk girl at the club. Call out when you hear adults making sexual comments about teenagers.  Don't laugh at the "locker room talk", make the other person visibly uncomfortable by having them repeat it until it loses its power. It may not be all men, but most violent crimes are committed by men, and all men have a responsibility to do better. 

References

https://www.hopehealreflect.com/mental-health-articles/when-rapists-dont-know-they-are-rapists

O'Sullivan & Ronis (2026)
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/08862605261432630#tab-contributors

https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2026/03/world/expose-rape-assault-online-vis-intl/index.html

Conley & Garza (2011). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00828.x

Koss M. P., Gidycz C. A., Wisniewski N. (1987). The scope of rape: Incidence and prevalence of sexual aggression and victimization in a national sample of higher education students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(2), 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.55.2.162


Author: Megan Garza, MA, LMFT
Sexual Trauma Specialist and Co-Owner at Healing Reflections Therapy

April is Sexual Assault awareness month. We are seemingly inundated with news about sexual violence in the headlines lately. So, let's talk about some resources that many people don't know about for seeking help with domestic or sexual violence. These resources are primarily for Missouri, but there are national resources available as well.

Victim Advocates
Did you you know that you can get an advocate to accompany you to to the hospital or make a police report? You can pre-arrange this with them to ensure you have the safest experience where they can even schedule the meeting with a detective and give you follow-up updates on your case. Places like the YWCA Metro St. Louis and Crime Victims Advocacy Center, and Children's Advocacy Center are great for this kind of work

Safe at Home Program
Sometimes after folks have been in an abusive relationship or have experienced an interpersonal violence episode, they struggle with feeling safe at home. Survivors may worry about their perpetrator having access to them, or stalking them. Did you know that that you can sign up for the Safe at Home Address confidentiality program to keep your address out of public record, to ensure your privacy where you live. You can sign-up here for free ​https://www.sos.mo.gov/business/safeathome

Offender research tools
Another tool people have in Missouri to help keep themselves safe is using Casenet to research individuals name to see if they have criminal or civil cases  of public record in the state. Sometimes knowing  someone's history can be a great tool for personal advocacy and protection, especially when dating.

Case update Tools
If you experienced a crime where your offender has been adjudicated and want to know the release date status of your offender, you can use MOVANS to get automatic updates on them. This is designed to help victims stay notified of their case and when their future safety may potentially be threatened. 

Crime Victims Compensation
Many people don't know this, but if you experienced certain types of crimes and filed a police report and are actively participating with the police in the investigation, you may be eligible for have any expenses incurred by you as a result of the crime, reimbursed to you. This may include medications, medical visits, therapy costs, funeral expenses, and lost wages. There are stipulations involved, but filing a claim is relatively simple, though the re-imbursement process may take some time. If you think you or a family member are eligible, you can seek info here ​https://dps.mo.gov/dir/programs/cvc/crime-victims-compensation.phpdps.mo.gov/dir/programs/cvc/crime-victims-compensation.php

Therapy Support
An extraordinarily valuable tool in the healing process from trauma is getting therapy. Our therapists at Healing Reflections Therapy: Diversity, Trauma, and Wellness Services are experts at understanding the complexity of trauma and treating the resulting wounds. We utilize evidence-based approaches to help clients address their acute traumas from recent events as well as addressing chronic concerns from traumas that occurred decades ago. Reach out to us today, and we can help you find the help you need ​https://www.hopehealreflect.com/contact-us.html . For those not local to St. Louis, you can use Rainn.org to lookup a sexual assault near you.

Group Therapy Support
Another valuable tool is group therapy. I often recommend individual therapy paired with group therapy as a part of the healing journey. It is a wonderful opportunity to share your story with other survivors and see that you are not alone. Places like Safe Connections and YWCA Metro St. Louis are known to offer this for free.  Survivors.org also offers a virtual support group.

Healing Your Body
As many people are now aware due to education on ACES and the popularity of Bessel van der Kolk's "The Body Keeps the Score," the body is often impacted by trauma and carries a health cumulative impact. Resources like trauma-informed yoga have come about to help this process. This month, Survivors.org is offering free virtual trauma informed yoga workshops as well as art therapy workshops.

Joining the survivor community can be a transformative experience. It can help reframe your relationship with your victimized self, help release you from the bonds of secrecy with your perpetrator, and empower you to find a community of others that understand and empathize with your experience. You don't have to go through this alone. It's never too late. 

For more resources and information, you can check out our trauma resources information page and our sexual trauma resources page.

Author: Megan Garza, MA, LMFT
Megan is a Co-owner of Healing Reflections Therapy and Sexual Trauma specialist. You can schedule an appointment with her today here.

For many folks across the US, the globe, and in marginalized communities this was a hard day.  At Healing Reflections Therapy, we see you. Your pain is valid. Sadness, anger, betrayal, shock, and frustration are all very real and may feel all the more acute when others are celebrating or otherwise blind or uncaring about what you are experiencing. You are allowed to grieve as you need to grieve. 

Grief
Grief occurs in separate and sometimes simultaneous cycles.  It may look like shock, numbness or shutting down.  It may look like anger and wanting to rage at those you believe hurt you and to cut ties with family and friends, it may look like sadness and wanting to cry or stay in bed and eat or drink your feelings.  It may look like bargaining and wanting to rationalize how you can make sense of it, thinking “if I just do x, maybe it won’t impact me”, it may look like denial and telling yourself it’s not over yet, maybe something may change it, or telling yourself or others to get over it.  

Next Steps
Focus on the now. Your brain may be spinning with sooo many possibilities: future fears of changes, loss of rights, concern for your safety and the safety of your loved ones, fears for the choices by lawmakers and the fate of democracy. Instead of focusing on external events that are much bigger than you and beyond your control, focus on what you can do for right now. Think about what you are able to control.
​
The serenity prayer reminds us to ask, "Grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change, the courage to change the things I can and the wisdom to know the difference." This notion of radical acceptance is hard, but can help move you out of helplessness and hopelessness.

 Self-Care
Today is a good day for self-care. What does that mean? It means connect with your support communities, your trusted friends, family members, colleagues, and mental health workers- schedule a meeting, date, appointment, a get together. You could create a group text or join a social media group with like-minded individuals.

Please take some time for yourself. That may mean taking a day or two off of work. Give yourself grace for having to pick yourself off the floor or peel yourself out of bed after maybe having a night or two of less than ideal coping choices.  It happens. Try not to linger there too long. Focus on adaptive coping. Make choices for self-care that will make you feel proud of yourself later and allow you to feel better instead of worse. If you are someone who is in recovery, try to use positive coping skills rather than allow the current political climate to take your sobriety.
Find something that creates meaning in your life. 

Allow yourself to cry and feel your emotional response at times.  You need to get it out.  No one can hold in this much pain and live with it alone.  Rely on chosen family, friends, and community.  

Distraction
You might need to get out of your head for a little while and away from the media frenzy. Try unplugging and refocusing on other areas of your life, if you can, which we realize may be a privilege. Watch a favorite movie. Watch some stand-up comedians on netflix, watch funny pet videos on tiktok, put in your favorite movie- yes, you can go ahead and watch Twilight for the 100th time, throw yourself into some true crime, re-read your favorite YA book, spend time in nature, go thrift store shopping, go to a museum, create some art or play music.


Self-soothing
Self-soothing may look like connecting with your body and 5 senses to bring you peace. It may mean snuggling your fur babies and enjoying the texture of their soft fur, or hearing the relaxing sound of their purr or breathing, it may mean taking a hot bath or cold shower, it may mean making yourself some hot cocoa, putting on your favorite smelling lotion or cooking something that transports you to a childhood memory, cleaning your closet, walking around barefoot in the grass, buying yourself some fresh flowers to smell and look at, making a playlist of songs that bring your inspiration or peace or help channel your rage, enjoying some pumpkin spice whatever fall stuff has to offer, or maybe you put up your Christmas decorations early to surround yourself with things that bring you joy and calm your nervous system.  

Safety Planning
Are you a member of a marginalized group like LGBTQIA+ people or immigrants that is being targeted? Although some may try to minimize your concerns, you know what your experience has been and what you have endured, your fears are valid.  Does making a plan for safety give you a sense of control? For some folks, there may be talks with your loves ones about where in or outside the US you feel most safe and protected. Yes, I know lots of folks talk about leaving the country around elections, which just is not a real feasible for most. So there may be more practical solutions to consider. Are there legal documents that you need to arrange to protect the status of your relationship and/or your loved one? DO you want to work on getting your name change or gender-affirming surgery while that is still definitely possible?  Do you have a list of community spaces where you feel safe and people who you can trust? Don't allow people who do not see your pain or the situation accurately to deter you from doing what you need to do to be as safe and comfortable as possible.

Re-focusing your energy on Advocacy
For some people the best way to deal with this immense sense of lack of control is to look for ways to feel in control. This may look like volunteering for a cause or group that is important to you. It may mean joining your local political group and focusing on the next local election.  It may mean spending time supporting local marginalized communities. 

Hope
It is never wrong to hope. Do not be ashamed or mad at yourself for allowing yourself to hope. Sometimes that is all we have. If you are familiar with the Greek myth of "Pandora’s Box," then you know that when Pandora, the first woman on earth, was given a gift by Zeus, she was told not to open it. When Pandora gave in to her curiosity and opened the box, it was said she unleashed all the evils, sickness, disease, evil and horrors unto the world, but at the bottom of the box was HOPE.  

I often think about Red’s line in Shawshank Redemption “Hope is a good thing. Maybe the best of things.”

As crisis counselors we know that people die when they lose hope.
For those in power, we know that hope can be a threat to their power. In Hunger Games President Snow tried to stamp out hope in the districts, because he recognized hope could be dangerous.
From research on Learned helplessness, we know that it happens when we lose hope, people & animals give up opportunities for freedom from terrible situations even when presented to them...I won't tell you the story about the experiment because it will depress you even more (you can google Seligman's story if you really need to know more). 
Never be ashamed of having hope and choosing to believe in a better tomorrow. History repeatedly has shown us that the worst periods, the worst wars, the worst regimes do not endure, the human spirit does.

Remember, this is a marathon relay, not a sprint. You are not alone. He won't be the thing that breaks you.  Getting to the other side of this likely will mean a lot of pain and discomfort along the way. You may not look the same or feel the same when you come out of it. You may learn hard lessons along the way. You may be a different person on the other side of it all. The losses you suffer may not be fair or just. At times you may fall back and need someone else to tap in while you step back and allow yourself to rest for a while. Don't be afraid to ask for what you need and pause when you have to.  You have been though hard things before. You can do hard things. Throughout the world and history people have gone through enormous suffering, but humanity has endured...and generally moved toward progress. Have faith. Have hope. Have Courage. Have Endurance. Be Persistent. Have Heart. We are here to pass you back the baton when you are ready.

If you are needing help finding a good therapist, we are here for you . Or you can check out this article on how to Find a good Therapist https://www.hopehealreflect.com/mental-health-articles/how-to-find-a-good-therapist​

Authors: The Healing Reflections Therapy Team

A popular point of discussion on social media these days is narcissism. It seems like everyone's parent or ex has been deemed a narcissist.

While in some ways the discussion can be helpful in recognizing abusive behaviors that can impact one’s own mental health, the overuse of the term has taken away some of its power and can lead to misunderstandings. Although it is common these days to toss around phrases like “my ex was such a narcissist” to such an extend that it seems like everyone dated a narcissist. However, the actual presence of Narcissistic Personality Disorder only occurs in 1% of the population.

A person can exhibit moments of narcissism ( arguably all of us), but not be a Narcissist.

So what does a Narcissist in clinical terms look like? The classic signs of NPD include:

1. Sense of self-importance
2. Preoccupation with power, beauty, or success 
3. Entitled
4. Can only be around people who are important or special
5. Interpersonally exploitative for their own gain
6. Arrogant
7. Lack empathy
8. Must be admired
9. Envious of others or believe that others are envious of them

Someone who may be very full of themselves, vain, or overly self-confident. They may have little insight into themselves. The may have little empathy for others and see themselves as the victim in situations where they are the offending party. Often people initially find them very amiable and “charming” is the word that repeatedly comes up in domestic violence circles. They have a way of drawing people to them with their charisma and enigmatic personality, but often their words and gestures are hollow with little sincerity, thoughtfulness, or follow-through. Because they make such a great first impression they can easily trick judges, police, family, and others in authority into believing that they are just a great, well meaning person and their counterpart is suffering from mental illness (enter gaslighting). 

Narcissism and its role in Domestic Violence
Just because your significant other said you were exaggerating or doesn’t recall your side of the events does not mean they are gaslighting you. Gaslighting is a strategic way certain abusers systematically try to make their partner think themselves crazy. It is designed to break them down. Most relationships have couples that widely misperceive or misinterpret events, where one may be experiencing cognitive distortions and have a hard time separating feelings from facts or another may be bad at reading or responding to emotions non-defensively...that does not make them gaslighters or Narcissists.

Gaslighting came from the old classic 1944 film “Gaslight” where the main character attempted to convince his wife she was crazy by stealing things from the home and accusing her of stealing or misplacing things, then telling her she had a poor memory, and climbing into the ceiling and adjusting the gas in the ceiling lights and acting like it wasn't happening to convince her she was going insane. It came to be known as a specific form of domestic violence, though can be used by anyone in power/authority, or looking to gain something from someone else for malevolent means. 
It essentially is intentionally saying/doing things to make someone believe they are going crazy…usually in effort to gain control over them/their things/or to just be antisocial and abusive and  enjoy others suffering.

Narcissists may use their charm and charisma to get others to align with them against their victim. The victim feels crazy and their self esteem and self-concept are eroded. They may exploit the victim's vulnerabilities to their own advantage physically, financially, or emotionally. Narcissists have more than average encounters with HR, police, civil and criminal suits, protection orders in which they see themselves as the wronged party. They may cry, pout, sulk, yell, namecall, deflect, project, deny, become puffed up, enraged, and incredulous if their behaviors are pointed out. One noted hallmark is the tendency to accuse others of the very behavior they themselves are exhibiting while admonishing it in the other person (kinda makes you feel crazy, right?). If they do admit what they have done wrong, it will be your fault because you “made them do X”, or you “made them feel Y”.  Ultimately, they will usually take the stance of “it’s your fault.” I.e. "It’s your fault I cheated because you were not having sex with me enough.”

 Charming Narcissists may start out with lovebombing and seeming like the perfect person. When getting lovebombed it might feel like you are the main character in your favorite romcom and you likely will feel very special, but usually after 1 year or so of after they get their partner “on the hook” with marriage, housing, loans, or a child their veneer begins to fade and the other side starts to emerge- sometimes classically known as the Dr. Jekyl/Mr. Hyde personality.  The victim tends to spend a lot of time in ever shortening cycles of domestic violence idealizing the perfect periods and struggling to see the holistic pattern that tells much more about the overall personality structure of their partner and the waning hope for change. Partners, employees, and children or narcissists tend to develop a lot of insecurity about themselves, are highly attuned to slight reactions from others in a “walking on eggshells” approach to maintain survival and avoidance of further pain.


Gaslighting vs Perceptual differences
By contrast, Most relationships involve 2 people disagreeing about something because of their own past experiences, internal thought processes/distorted views of the world, and resulting different perceptions of the experience. In most cases, people are not intentionally trying to convince someone they are crazy-though this may be the inadvertent result.

Take for example the Michael Brown shooting. They had 64 witnesses and their perceptions and reports of their experience differed wildly. Sure, some may have been motivated by secondary gain to report the way they did, but they were by far not outliers (https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/11/inconsistencies-what-happened-during-michael-brown-shooting/)

There are famous experiments in cognitive psychology where people can be engaged in a game of basketball and a man in a gorilla suit can walk straight through the court and when asked later about it, most players and witnesses of the game will not see it, because they are focused on the ball (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJG698U2Mvo). A person could easily say “wow, did u see that gorilla?!” And the other person might be like “what are you talking about? There was no gorilla.” An argument ensues and one or both may feel crazy and this is where pop psych gets it wrong-someone might say-“you are gaslighting me.” This is not true, unless the person was intentionally trying to make the other person think they are crazy.

And the added piece with cognitive psychology research by Elizabeth Loftus teaches us that people are especially bad historians. Our memories are very fallible and maleable to suggestion, which is why eyewitness testimony is considered the weakest/most unreliable form of evidence, despite people having the most confidence in it (https://www.science.org/content/article/how-reliable-eyewitness-testimony-scientists-weigh#:~:text=As%20Loftus%20puts%20it%2C%20%22just,that%20their%20memory%20of%20an).

So, when thinking of gaslighting, ask yourself about the overall behaviors and intentions of this person. Do they generally mean you goodwill even when they are not trying to lovebomb or get something from you in a manipulative fashion? Do they try to help/support/lift you up/encourage your dreams and best version of yourself? Or do you usually feel bad/smaller/more out of control in ways that is usually inconsistent with how you view yourself/others/the world.

Narcissists in Therapy
Joseph Burgo in the book “The Narcissist you Know” talks about different types of Narcissists, the ones that want to be held in high esteem, famous, or revered and will happily step on anyone who gets in the way of achieving their goal. Dictators, politicians, and some actors and models have been known to fit this mold. Others have a veneer of wanting others to see them as great, but they are much more shallow and easily wounded and resort to lashing out when that is not validated. They are likely to throw a fit, use injurious words to cut down anyone that might see through the veneer and cut the person out of their life entirely. Some may be philanthropers or nurses, teachers, or ministers, or police , or even therapists where they are in the position of being admired and praised, but the people that are closest to them like their partner, parent or child may have a very different experience of them than their public persona.

Narcissists are not historically known to show up for therapy unless court mandated or coming in with their partner for couple/family therapy. It is sometimes said that narcissists in therapy only become better at manipulation and therefore a clinician that recognizes the perils should proceed with caution. In these settings they tend to first focus on winning over the therapist by being a “good client” or they finger point all issues as originating with their partner/boss/family member/ex/etc and take no accountability for the work they need to do on their end to make repairs. Essentially, they take the stance of wanting the therapist to validate their concerns as the injured party and try to co-opt the therapist to get the other person to take the responsibility for the problems in the relationship. They may seem agreeable to homework, but have little follow through if the expectation is for them to focus on change within themselves, yet be simultaneously demanding of change and work from their partner. They usually do not see their hypocrisy and are emboldened by their narcissistic injury to overlook their injurious behaviors.

Theories of what causes Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Theories on the roots causes of NPD vary. Sometimes it develops because they grew up in entitled settings where they were pushed to be “the best” and likewise developed little empathy for anything/anyone that did not meet those standards. Conversely, some were treated so poorly from developmental/attachment trauma that they develop a false sense of self/veneer to convince themselves they were ok to steal themselves up from the outside threats. This is the narcissism that is much more fragile, because if they allow their guard to come down and see their own flaws, their core sense of self may be at threat. They may be vulnerable to experiencing the extreme pain of their early trauma, so they fight hard to allow those vulnerable feelings from being experienced.

Traits vs personality disorder
Maybe you have read this and thought you for sure know someone who is a Narcissist, but to be clear, the pervasiveness and chronicity and truly heinous impact of this abuse is what makes it unique. You likely have someone who treated you poorly, made you question yourself, did not validate your feelings, took advantage of you, or behaved poorly during an argument and did not share the same perspective as you, but it does not necessarily mean they are a Narcissist. If you reflect, maybe there are times you could say the same for yourself too. This popsych mislabeling is a disservice to real sufferers of narcissists, and gaslighting. Your ex- boyfriend  may be a selfish ass, but probably isn’t an actual narcissist.  We need to be kinder to one another and more magnanimous sometimes in how we interpret others actions.

Fore more readings on the subject, you can read here:

www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/narcissistic-personality-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20366662

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1519417-overview?form=fpf

Gaslight(1944).www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJtJsFdpRm8

The Narcissist You know by Joseph Burgo

By Megan Garza, MA, LMFT

​In doing my clinical work, I spend much time supporting and processing the reactions of vulnerable clients from marginalized populations to the current and recent political climate in the United States which has included the Supreme Court ruling that took away federal abortion protections.  For myself and among clients I see, many of whom are not female assigned or identified, a fear nonetheless set in that many of the freedoms, values, and protections that came about as the result of tireless fighting and advocacy for workers, women, people of color, and LGBTQIA+ people, and others could/will be on the chopping block. 
 
Doing the clinical work that I do, I especially found many of my transgender and/or Queer clients fearing for the state of their marriages, their employment, their right to a safe abortion and also for their physical safety in ways that they had not since before the Obama administration.  In many cases, this very real fear has led to an exacerbation of mental health symptoms already present or created symptoms of a severity and duration necessary to warrant an Adjustment Disorder Diagnosis or a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder.  To look at how some of the composite reactions I've seen have led to symptom creation and exacerbation, let's take a look at the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder as it relates to the experiences of clients and others as reported and observed and discuss how we as clinicians in this practice approach supporting clients with these symptoms and societal concerns.
 
The symptoms that are potentially part of a depressive episode include: depressed mood, loss of interest/pleasure, weight gain or loss, thoughts of death or suicide, feelings of worthlessness/guilt, fatigue, insomnia/hypersomnia, decreased concentration.  These symptoms need to exist in an episode which lasts 2 weeks or more.  I have seen symptoms such as these arise for the first time or be exacerbated by the current circumstances.  In my clinical work, most notably, I have seen these symptoms arise in clients pertaining to both the recent Supreme Court ruling coupled with comments made by a justice that he might be inclined to vote to overturn the past Marriage Equality ruling that federally legalized marriage for Queer-Identified Individuals.  These federal events coupled with Missouri taking steps to orchestrate one of the most rigid statewide abortion bans in the country, led many of my clients to contemplate leaving the state or residing in a more progressive country.
 
In terms of how I’ve seen symptom creation, depressed mood was most frequently caused by negative and invalidating reactions to the local political situation by clients’ loved ones.  The disillusionment caused by this disconnect often leaves Queer and Trans people wondering how their family and purported friends can support politicians, institutions, and businesses that have agendas and take measures that treat marginalized people in invalidating, harmful, personal safety-jeopardizing ways.  Loss of interest/pleasure in activities often relates to limits in the ability to comfortably engage in hobbies.  Clients often have feelings of worthlessness related to feeling as though their safety and value as a person are being undermined when things like so called “bathroom bills” are being voted upon to not allow transgender people to use the bathroom that corresponds with their identified gender or when Queer and Trans client see reproductive rights for women being rolled back and understandably worry that their much more recent/tenuous rights will be next on the chopping block.  All of these concerns can and have disturbed my clients’ sleep, appetite, and made them feel drained and exhausted.  As such, some, in addition to considering relocation are considering trying psych meds for the first time.  We have been processing the resulting elevated symptomology with our clients and, when needed, referring them for additional services like psychiatric care, support groups such as those at MTUG, 12-Step meetings at place such as the Alano Club, and normalizing our client’s fears and concerns related to the ways in which they are understandably symptomatic/experiencing elevated levels of symptoms due to the fear of losing the already unacceptable level of rights and benefits that were fought for during Stonewall and for decades since, and generally assisting in the formulation of “created family” for our clients who are often being harmed by their biological families and systems of power.
 
If you are someone who is hurting or feeling isolated or in-danger as a result of the current political environment, please know that you are not alone and that others are also struggling markedly with their mental health.  Please know also that even though it can be especially scary for people who have been let down and marginalized by people who should have helped and cared about them, there are service providers some of whom are in the community who are open, affirming, and are advocating both in the field and in their personal lives for LGBTQIA+ people, their marriages, their personal safety, their need for safe spaces including bathrooms, and the need for greater awareness of the needs of this community for the competence of service providers.  While many of us feel that these are dark, scary political times and will be for some time, we at Healing Reflections Therapy are dedicated to affirming and defending the rights of the Queer and Trans communities as well as cisgender women and communities of color. 

​~Chris Scarberry, LPC
 

It has been almost a month since #MeToo flooded social media. Since then, almost a daily parade of new sexual harassment, abuse, or assault allegations are being brought to light about accused perpetrators like Harvey Weinstein, James Toback, Charlie Sheen, Louis C.K., Ed Westwick, Roy Moore, and Kevin Spacey. The responses by the accused have varied from silence, to deflection, to admission, to outright denial.

Some statements have puzzled people, wondering how could they not know what they were doing was wrong or would upset someone else? Sadly, this relates to a concept frequently found in my therapy practice, in which many victims are astounded when they realize that their rapist doesn't know he is a rapist. After the assault the perpetrator may act casual, inviting them for breakfast, acting affectionate, kiss them, or invite them on another date. They behave as though what had occurred was completely consensual despite the fact that moments or hours before they were holding the victim down, whispering threats in the victim's ear, ignoring the victim's cries of pain or profound lack of interest or engagement, or ignored the fact the victim was intoxicated, passed out, or vomiting and while they pursued sex.
 
Sometimes the victim will run into the perpetrator months or years later and be astounded at how "normal" they act. They may approach them like friendly, long lost friends seeking to engage in polite conversation. They may reach out to the victim over social media with casual "hellos" and "how have you beens?" The victims may react in paralysis, fear, or rage and are additionally astounded when they see the look of confusion reflected in their perpetrator's face.

The victim/survivor comes into my office begging the question: Is it possible that my rapist does not know he raped me? Sadly, in some instances, the answer may be yes. For those that lack empathy, awareness of others boundaries or feelings may not exist. The default is: if this benefits me, my actions are ok. Lack of empathy can be the bi-product of someone in a status of power or privilege, "Just boys being boys," "locker room talk," or "old school." For other sexual violence perpetrators, they may have a sense, if not clearly know what they did was wrong, but use elements of denial, minimization, deflecting blame, or manipulation to escape any form of personal accountability to seep into their conscious awareness.

Is it possible that some of these celebrities really did not know that what they were doing was wrong? Well, since they kept the secret and did not exhibit those behaviors in public, then probably on some level they did know. I would argue that they probably were in a position that did not serve them well to think it was wrong.  "He/she really wants this," "They deserve this," "I deserve this," "They like how it feels," "Everybody does it" are all arguments used to justify sexual violence. Think of it this way: if you were about to step on an ant and crush it, you would probably tell yourself that have good reason to do so, that it won't matter, that they cannot feel anything, that you are really being helpful...but you can do this because essentially you see the ant as significantly less powerful and less important than yourself. At least if you think about killing a shark you may still justify the kill, but you will still probably worry about the consequences to yourself because the shark is inherently more powerful. Power, control, status, privilege, and lack of empathy play important roles in supporting rape culture. When way are so inundated in rape culture, like a lobster in pot slowly brought to a boil, we may not even realize we are in danger of becoming the next meal because the environment around us was already so unhealthy in the first place.
Megan Garza, MA, LMFT  2011011850 MO
Sexual Trauma Therapist ​

If you have been following the headlines this year, college rape and Title 9 has taken center stage.  Politicians, college groups, lawyers, and social service workers are coming together to address the problem and to bring more awareness to the issue and how colleges have systematically swept rape under the rug, leaving victims to carry the burden. 

Wendy Murphy, an attorney has put together a terrific resource for parents and survivors about what to do if a sexual assault happens to your child at college, which it does to about 1/4.  Please read and share.

http://wendymurphylaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/WHEN-YOUR-DAUGHTER-IS-RAPED-ON-CAMPUS.pdf

Project Unbreakable was launched as a blog on tumblr and has now accumulated many photos from male and female survivors displaying captivating artistic  images of their sexual trauma experiences.   Go to http://projectunbreakable.tumblr.com/